Here we have defined some terms commonly used in our research.

AI technology

There are a variety of views on the definition of artificial intelligence (AI).

The European Commission High Level Expert Group on AI defines Artificial intelligence (AI) systems as ‘software (and possibly also hardware) systems designed by humans that, given a complex goal, act in the physical or digital dimension by perceiving their environment through data acquisition, interpreting the collected structured or unstructured data, reasoning on the knowledge, or processing the information, derived from this data and deciding the best action(s) to take to achieve the given goal. AI systems can either use symbolic rules or learn a numeric model, and they can also adapt their behaviour by analysing how the environment is affected by their previous actions’. https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regexpert/index.cfm?do=groupDetail.groupMeetingDoc&docid=30466

Noteworthy technologies include machine learning, deep learning networks, image recognition, and speech recognition.

Involvement

Involvement refers to including patients and members of the public as partners in research — in research planning, design, management, evaluation, and the dissemination of results, etc.

Reference: Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) PPI website

Engagement

The research team provides opportunities for dialogue and exchange of ideas between patients and the public about their research.

Participation

Participation refers to the inclusion of patients or members of the public as the subjects of, for example, clinical trials or medical research.

Stakeholders

In the AIDE Project, ‘stakeholders’ are different individuals or groups who have an interest in or or concern with healthcare.

  • Patients
  • Patient organizations
  • Care services
  • Members of the public
  • Healthcare professionals
  • Companies

AI development companies, pharmaceutical companies, manufacturers of medical devices and other companies directly involved in healthcare

Companies that work on corporate social responsibility

  • Administration

Healthcare

Healthcare refers to services to maintain or promote health, as well as the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and/or cure of illnesses, injuries, or disabilities.